Type V.M.1 Vertical Milling machine
Built during the 1930s and 1940s, the Midgley & Sutcliffe (Richmond) Model V.M.1 milling machine was usually sold with a 3 h.p., 3-phase 1450 r.p.m. motor flange mounted to the upper left-hand face of the main column - but could also be arranged for drive by flat belt over an 8-inch diameter by 2.5-inch wide pulley from an overhead countershaft or ceiling-mounted line shafting of the factory type. Drive from the motor or the pulley-driven input shaft was taken via spiral gears to a 6-speed gearbox containing nickel-chrome steel gears sliding on splined shafts that turned in ball and roller bearings. Lubrication was by an oil pump that, according to the makers, throws a copious supply of oil onto all the gears. From the gearbox drive to the Timken roller bearing supported, No. 4 Morse taper carbon-steel spindle was by hardened nickel-chrome spiral bevel gears, the speeds generated ranging from 100 to 1000 r.p.m.  As a spindle lock was fitted, the makers interlocked this with a limit switch so that (at least on the motor-driven version) it impossible to start unless the lock was first released. It was also possible to arrange, at extra cost, for the spindle to stop when the table ran up against one of its feed trips
Equipped with three 9/16" T-slots on a centre distance of 2.5" (65 mm) and a surround moat equipped with drain strainers for the collection of coolant, the table had a working surface of 30" x 10" (620 mm x 254 mm) with a longitudinal travel by hand and under power of 18" (457 mm), in traverse of 6" (152 mm) and vertically through an open, unprotected telescopic screw of 13" (330 mm) - the latter pair of movements being by hand only and the longitudinal power feed able to be set, via a small lever, in both directions. Drive to the table came via a universally-joined, telescopic shaft of the "carden" type from a 3-speed gearbox on the right-hand face of the column, the box being connected to the miller's main drive system by chain and continuously lubricated by a siphon oil well system. In order to double the number of feeds available the gearbox was fitted with easily changed "pick-off" gears the six rates of feed spanning a rather fast 0.66" to 8.4" (16.8 to 213 mm) per revolution of the spindle.  Micrometer dials were fitted to all the feed screws, but these were rather small, in line with contemporary practice, but graduated to read within 0.001", and all sliding surfaces (table, knee and saddle), ground finished and hand scraped. 
The usual accessories were offered including a 10-inch hand-operated rotary table; a 12-inch automatic rotary table, 4.5-inch and 6-inch swivel-base machine vice; collet chucks and collets.

Richmond VHM Vertical
A miller designed during the 1930s, the Richmond VHM (Very-high Speed) model survived in production until the late 1940s. With a column constructed from a close-grained cast iron and well ribbed inside for enhanced stiffness the bolt-on base foot was used to hold the coolant and provide a mount for the (extra cost) electric pump. Intended for jobs such as die-sinking and the milling of non-ferrous material the VHM was fitted with a 1 h.p. 1000 r.p.m. 3-phase spindle-drive motor flange mounted against the top face of the main column. Fitted to the motor pulley was a 6-step V-pulley driving a corresponding pulley on the spindle, this simple arrangement (covered by a neat aluminium guard) gave 6 speeds that spanned a useful 380 to 2050 r.p.m. To change speeds a single lever unlocked the hinged motor mount plate and allowed it to be swung towards the spindle to relieve the belt tension.
Mounted in a quill and running in what the makers described as two dual-purpose "Machine Tool Limit Ball Bearings" behind the No. 3 Morse taper spindle nose - and a single roller bearing at the top - downfeed was controlled by a long handle on the right-hand face of the column that worked through rack and pinion gearing.
Electrical controls consisted of separate push-button starters for main and feed motors - these being arranged as a four-button assembly marked 'Spindle Start', 'Spindle Stop', 'Feed Start' and 'Feed Stop; a reversing switch bolted to the right-hand face of the column was charged extra.
Two versions were manufactured: one with all hand feeds and another fitted with table drive by a self-contained,  3-speed gearbox equipped with pick-off gears that doubled the number of speeds to six with a range from 3/4" to 4.75" (20 mm to 121 mm) per minute. Driven by a 1/4 h.p. 940 r.p.m. motor, the whole assembly was bolted to the right hand face of the column and drove the table through the usual type of universally-joined and splined "carden" shaft. Equipped with three 9/16" T-slots on a centre distance of 2.5" (65 mm) and a surround moat equipped with drain strainers for the collection of coolant, the table had a working surface of 26" x 8" (66 mm x 203 mm) with a longitudinal travel by hand or under power of 16" (406 mm), in traverse of 6" (152 mm) and vertically through an open, unprotected telescopic screw of 12" (305 mm) - the latter pair of movements being by hand only. A choice of feed-screw handles was offered: either a long, insensitive crank type or ones of the more sensitive  "balanced" kind. In line with contemporary practice rather small micrometer dials were fitted - these being graduated to read within 0.001". All sliding surfaces (table, knee and saddle), were ground finished, hand scraped and fitted with taper gib strips.
A number of options were listed included D.C. and single-phase motors, an electric suds pump and associated pipework, 8 and 10-inch diameter rotary tables, a 4.5-inch swivel-base machine vice and collets chucks..

Richmond L.H.M.
Designated L.H.M. to stand for Light Horizontal Miller this was a high-speed machine with direct drive by V-belt from a 1 h.p. motor flange mounted to the rear of the column to spindle. Fitted to the motor pulley was a 6-step V-pulley driving a corresponding pulley on the spindle, this simple arrangement giving 6 speeds that spanned a useful 380 to 2050 r.p.m. The miller was supplied fully wired with electrical control by an isolating switch and a drum-type on/off/reversing switch Of the early pattern with a round overarm, the miller could be hand with either all-lever feed to the table and knee elevation or by screw and balanced handles fitted with micrometer dials. Table travel with lever feeds was 7.5" longitudinally, 5" in traverse and 6.5" vertically - the corresponding figures for the all-screw-feed model being 12", 4" and 6".

Richmond Series "O " Plain and Universal Horizontal
Milling Machines
This model, built from the 1930s until the late 1940s was subjected to a number of improvements including the replacement of the original round overarm by a much more rigid dovetail type and the use of chain in place of the flat belt used drive the table-feed gearbox.
A heavy main column was used, constructed from a close-grained cast iron, well ribbed inside for enhanced stiffness and with the bolt-on base acting as a tank to hold the coolant and provide a mount for the (extra cost) electric pump.
The Series "0" was produced in three Plain versions, as the 01, 02 and 03, and in two models, the 02 and 03, as a universal type with the usual swing table and the ability to mount a Universal Dividing Attachment driven from the table's longitudinal feed screw.
Not intended for production work, but for lighter duty use in repair workshops, the spindle was in an alloy steel and ran in phosphor-bronze bushes, the front being tapered on its external surface and adjustable by being drawn into its tapered seat. Thrust was taken in both directions by phosphor-bronze washers. Drive to the spindle was by two side-by-side "Brammer" V-link belts, running over three step pulleys, with a backgear system built in that doubled the number of speeds from three to six - these being from 34 to 400 r.p.m. on the Type 01 and from 18 to 365 r.p.m. on the 02 and 03 Types. Simple to operate, the backgear could be brought into and out of action without having to open a door in the column; it was engaged and disengaged by two levers, one to disconnect and connect the pulley to the large bull wheel and the other to slide the gears into and out of mesh.
Power came from either a motor flange-mounted to the rear of the column (1.5 h.p. on the 01 and 2 h.p. on the 02 and 03 Models) or from roof-mounted line shafting - the makers providing a set of fast-and-loose pulleys together with a foot pedal to make operation easier.
Equipped with three T-slots and a surround moat equipped with drain strainers for the collection of coolant, the 01 had a table working surface of 26" x 8" (660 mm x 203 mm) with a longitudinal travel by hand and under power of 16" (406 mm), in traverse of 6" (152 mm) and vertically through an open, unprotected telescopic screw of 14.25" (362 mm) - the latter pair of movements being by hand only. Usefully larger, the table on the 02 and 03 had a working surface of 33" x 9" (838 mm x 229 mm) ) and corresponding travels of 24" (610 mm), 9" (229 mm) 18" (457 mm) - as before the latter pair of movements being by hand only. All feed handles were the old-fashioned crank type - good for quick movements of a heavily loaded table but not so convenient for price control; good-sized micrometer dials were fitted, these being graduated to read within 0.001". All sliding surfaces (table, knee and saddle), were ground finished and hand scraped.
Drive to the table came via a universally-joined, telescopic shaft of the "carden" type from a 3-speed gearbox bolted to the right-hand face of the column, the box being connected to the miller's spindle by a flat belt on early versions and later by chain than ran over interchangeable sprockets to double the number of speeds. On the latter models the feed range ran from 0.005" to 0.048" per minute - the rate for the belt machine is not known..

Later Series "0" Plain miller with a dovetail overarm but retaining the original flat-belt drive to the table-feed gearbox.
This example, although the pulley system cannot be seen, was equipped to take drive from line shafting - the control pedal for the fast-and-loose pulley can be seen at the left hand side of the base

An early "0" Series Richmond Universal Horizontal Miller
Almost identical in appearance across the range, this illustration shows the 01 and 02 Universal Model with the swing table and power to both longitudinal and cross feeds.
According to a brochure published during the 1930s all the equipment shown was supplied as part of the standard equipment - though this was almost certainly a misprint and the items would have been on the accessories list: a Universal Dividing. driven from table feed-screw and with tailstock, changewheels and division plates for spiral milling; cutter-holding arbor with hardened and ground spacing collars; the very first type of slotting and vertical milling heads; a rotary table; suds pump and fittings, overarm-to-knee arbor bracing straps and a set of spanners.
Pointer to its age include the unguarded flat-belt drive to the table feed gearbox and the relatively light and separate bracing struts between knee and overarm. Immediately below is illustrated a later version of the same machine with a number of improvements

Later "0" Series Richmond
Universal Horizontal Miller
Listed as the Types  01 and 02 this Richmond Universal horizontal milling machine was of a later pattern with a guarded chain drive to the table feed gearbox and a longer overarm with an improved, one-piece brace. Chain guards differed, some having an open inner face, some a wire mesh facing and others with a full sheet-metal enclosure

Largest of the 0 Series machines was the 03, shown here in its Plain form and, because it was intended for heavy-duty use, fitted with a dovetail overarm and knee to overarm brace - both being specified as part of the standard equipment

Richmond No. 1A and No. 2A Plain an all-geared models contemporary with the 0 Series machines of the 1930s and 1940s
Of heavier built than the build than belt-drive, backgeared 0 Series machines this miller was built in Plain and Universal types (the latter shown below as the Models No. 1 and 2B). The No. 1A and 2A Plain were very similar in appearance but of different capacities, the former having a table 33" x 9.5" with travels of, respectively,  24", 7.5" and 17" for longitudinal, traverse and vertical while the 2A had a table 38.5" x 10.5" and travels of 30", 8.5" and 10". However, each was fitted with an identical drive system that gave 6 spindle speeds of 35, 55, 67, 137, 219 and 350 r.p.m. and 6 table feed rates (longitudinal only) of 0.75", 1.25", 2.25", 4.5", 7.25" and 12.5" per minute.

Richmond No. 1 and 2B all-geared swing-table Universal Horizontal Milling Machines of the 1930s and 1940s
Of heavier built than the build than belt-drive, backgeared 0 Series machines this miller was built in Plain and Universal types (the former shown above as the Models No. 1A and 2A). The No. 1 and 2B Universal were similar in appearance but of very different capacities, the former having a table 33" x 8.25" with travels of, respectively,  21", 7" and 15" for longitudinal, traverse and vertical while the 2B had a huge 54" z 11" table with travels 36", 9" and 18". However, like the Plain versions, each was fitted with an identical drive system that gave 6 spindle speeds of 35, 55, 67, 137, 219 and 350 r.p.m. and 6 table feed rates (longitudinal only) of 0.75", 1.25", 2.25", 4.5", 7.25" and 12.5" per minute.