Resident in Brazil and looking to be almost a model of a high-class, toolroom lathe of the 1930s and 1940s, the Mateo carries a large badge stating "1940". Confirming this initial diagnoses, many respects of its design including the base-mounted motor, a separate plinth beneath the headstock and third-rod control of the electrical system are similar to those of European lathes of that and later eras. Large lathes in this category were made through the continent by makers include such as the German Eriksen, early MAS, Zbrojovka & TOS 18S-VR, Italian Cantoni and Rizzi and Swedish Rosenfors.
At the moment, no details are known of the Mateo's  dimensions but, judging by the Dexion shelving, other items surrounding it and the large text on the changewheel cover, etc, might the centre height be a round 80 mm, the overall length be 1000 mm and the height 600 mm?
Judging by the very careful attention to the finish of parts and the detail design - for example the use of taper gib strips on the cross and top slide, the dual inch/metric screwcutting gearbox and the complex headstock assembly - this must have been a series production machine - and surely beyond the capabilities of even the most gifted and very keen experimental engineer. One especially notable feature is the fitting of a short-travel, lever-action, quick-withdrawal 4-way toolpost, this being of a design almost identical to that used on the MAS, Zbrojovka & TOS 18S-VR.
In its execution, the lathe reminds the writer of an American-made machine, the "Unknown No.41". 
It's hoped that the owner will be able to provide some dimensions and high-resolution pictures to reveal more about this most unusual lathe..