"Bradley" Swivel-head,
Hand-operated Shaper
Very little is known about this most unusual and delightful little hand-powered shaper, except that it was probably made circa 1900 to 1920 and bears a very close resemblance to another model marked "Polygon". Indeed, I also seems to be very like a version of the Polygon sold by George Adams, the London-based agent for German Pittler lathes, and marketed as his "No.2" machine.
With a conventional elevating knee on one side, the base, was formed into a large socket at the back to accept the swivelling-head unit. At each side of the main cylindrical boss were elevating "V" pads, the function of which is unclear. The ram travel was 6" and the side movement of the head, which carried an automatic ratchet feed, a remarkable 10".
One interesting point about the Bradley was the availability of a separate head for cutting internal keyways that interchanged with the standard clapper box - this also being a (seldom-found) accessory for the Boxford shaper of the 1960s and 1970s).
Although today largely replaced by the small vertical milling machine, there is still a place in the enthusiast's workshop for a small shaper. As the writer never tires of pointing out, in the hands of a more knowledgeable and skilful enthusiast and, with sharp tools, it is quite astonishing what a variety of useful work these little machines can accomplish. One might imagine that using a hand-operated shaper, even a little one like the Drummond, is hard work, but this is not the case - though there are three basic points to get right: the first is tool sharpness, the closer to razor-sharp the better, with frequent attention to the top edge by an oil stone to maintain it; the second is to resist the temptation to move the handle too quickly, while also taking time taken to establish the best rate for the job in hand. For example, fifty to sixty strokes a minute by hand on a 5 to 6-inch stroke machine might feel comfortable but, allowing for lost time at the end of each half stroke, this gives a tool speed of over 60 feet/minute - which is 30% greater than that recommended for high-speed steel on cast iron. Experimenting with slower strokes will, surprisingly, often produce better results. Finally, the third consideration, which is two rolled into one, cutting depth and feed rate: it is possible, if you have the patience, to obtain an almost mirror finish with a very fine cut and the slowest possible feed - but, it does take time.
Other small hand-operated shapers available during the 20th century included the Adept, Alexander, Arrow, Benson, Boynton, E.W.Cowell, Flexispeeed, George-Adams-Pittler, Graves, Liverpool Castings & Tool Supply, Omerod, Perfecto, Polygon, Portass, Rapid-Lime, Robblak, and Tom Senior.